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ÊÎÍÑÏÅÊÒÛ ËÅÊÖÈÉ, ØÏÀÐÃÀËÊÈ
Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ ìåäèêîâ. Nasal cavities (êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé) Ñïðàâî÷íèê / Êîíñïåêòû ëåêöèé, øïàðãàëêè Îãëàâëåíèå (ðàçâåðíóòü) ËÅÊÖÈß ¹ 34. Nasal cavities The anatomical structures that play a central role in the res piratory system are located in the head and neck as well as the thorax. Nasal cavities are separated by the nasal septum, which consists of the vomer, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and the septal cartilage. The lateral wall of each nasal cavity features three scroll-shaped bony structures called the nasal conchae. The nasal cavities communicate posteriorly with the nasopharynx through the choanae. The spaces inferior to each concha are called meatus. The paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct open to the meati. The inferior concha is a separate bone, and the superior and middle conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone. Inferior meatus. The only structure that opens to the inferior meatus is the nasolacrimal duct. This duct drains lacrimal fluid (i. e., tears) from theTneaTaraspect of the orbit to the nasal cavity. Middle meatus: the hiatus semilumaris contains openings of frontal and maxillary sinuses and americy ethmoidal air cells. The bulla ethmoidalis contains the opening for'the middle ethmoidal air cells. Superior meatus contains an opening for thffposterior ethmoidal air cells. Sphenoethmoidal recess is located above the superior concha and contains an opening for the sphenoid sinus. Innervation: Somatic innervation. General sensory information from the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity is conveyed to the CNS by branches of V, and V2. Autonomic innervation. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined to supply the glands of the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland travel in the nervus intermedius and the greater superficial petrosal branches of the facial nerve (CN VII). These fibers synapse in the pte-rygopalatine ganglion, which is located in the pterygopalatine fossa. Postganglionic fibers traveling to the mucous glands of the nasal cavity, paranasal air sinuses, hard and soft palate, and the lacrimal gland follow branches of V2 and in some cases V1, to reach their destinations. New words anatomical - àíàòîìè÷åñêèé play - èãðà central role - öåíòðàëüíàÿ ðîëü respiratory system - äûõàòåëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà head - ãîëîâà neck - øåÿ nasal cavities - íîñîâûå âïàäèíû to be separated - áûòü îòäåëåíûì the perpendicular plate - ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíàÿ ïëàñòèíà ethmoid - ðåøåò÷àòûé septal - îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ïåðåãîðîäêå nasal conchae - íîñîâîé ðàêîâèíà communicate - âçàèìîäåéñòâîâàòü posteriorly - ñçàäè paranasal - ïàðàíîñîâîé sinuses - ïàçóõè nasolacrimal - íàçîëàêðèìàëüíûé duct - òðóáî÷êà drain - ïðîòîê tears - ñëåçû orbit - îðáèòà hiatus - ïàóçà maxillary - âåðõíå÷åëþñòíîé bulla - ïóçûðü Ïîñòàâüòå ãëàãîë to be â ïðàâèëüíóþ ôîðìó, çàïîëíèâ ïðîïóñêè. 1. I... a pupil. 2. My father... not a teacher, he... a scientist. 3... your sister a teacher? 4. Mary... a painter. 5... they at home? 6. My father. a worker. 7. She... at work. 8... you a doctor? 9. He... a pilot. 10. We... students. 11. They... carpenters. 12... they at home? 13. they... not at home 14. He... at work. 15... your sister a typist? 16... your brother at school? 17... your sister in the cabinet? 18. My sister... at home. 19... this your cat? 20. She... an actress. 21. This... my bag. 22. He... professor. 23. Helen... a singer. 24... you an engineer? 25. He... Russian. Ïåðåâåäèòå íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê, óïîòðåáëÿÿ ãëàãîë to be â Present Simple. 1. ß ó÷åíèê. ß â øêîëå. 2. Ìîé áðàò õóäîæíèê. Îí íå èíæåíåð. 3. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà íà ðàáîòå. Îíà âðà÷. 4. Îí ñòóäåíò, à íå ó÷èòåëü. 5. Âû ñòóäåíò? - Íåò, ÿ ó÷åíèê. 6. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà äîìà. Îíà áîëüíà. 7. Ìû íå â øêîëå. Ìû äîìà. 8. Ìîé áðàò ó÷åíèê. Îí â øêîëå. 9. Âàøà ìàìà äîìà? - Íåò, îíà íà ðàáîòå. 10. Âàø äâîþðîäíûé áðàò äîìà? - Íåò, îí â øêîëå. 11. Òâîÿ ñåñòðà çäîðîâà ñåé÷àñ? - Äà, îíà çäîðîâà. 12. Âàøà ñåñòðà ó÷èòåëüíèöà? - Íåò, îíà ñòóäåíòêà. 13. Òâîé ïàïà íà ðàáîòå? Íåò, îí íà äà÷å. 14. Òâîÿ ñåñòðà ìàøèíèñòêà? - Äà. Îíà ìàøèíèñòêà. 15. Ìîÿ ìàìà íå ó÷èòåëüíèöà. Îíà âðà÷. 16. ×üÿ ýòî ðó÷êà? - Ýòî ìîÿ ðó÷êà. 17. ×üÿ ýòî êíèãà? - Ýòî âàøà êíèãà. 18. ×åé ýòî ñòîë? - Ýòî ñòîë ìîåãî áðàòà. 19. ×üÿ ýòî ñóìêà? - Ýòî ñóìêà ìîåé ìàìû. 20. ×åé ýòî êàðàíäàø? - Ýòî êàðàíäàø ìîåé ñåñòðû. 21. Ýòî òâîÿ òåòðàäü? - Äà, ýòî ìîÿ òåòðàäü. 22. Ýòî òåòðàäü òâîåãî áðàòà? - Íåò, ýòî ìîÿ. 23. Ãäå âàø ñòîë? - Îí ïîñåðåäèíå êîìíàòû. 24. Ãäå òâîÿ ðó÷êà? - Îíà â ìîåì êàðìàíå. 25. Ãäå òâîÿ òåòðàäü? - Îíà íà ñòîëå. 26. Ìîé äåäóøêà íå ó÷åíûé, îí ãåîëîã. Answer the questions. 1. What is the cell consists of? 2. What is a membrane? 3. Is cell the smallest independent unit of the body? 4. What can be grown in test - tubes? 5. What can various tissues form, when they are together? 6. What are the organ system consist of? 7. What are cell characterized by? 8. What are cell organelles? 9. What ate membranes? 10. What is the cytoplasm? Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences). Find the verb to be in the text. Explain why it is used in such a way? Find one word, which is a little bit different in meaning from others (íàéäèòå îäíî ñëîâî, êîòîðîå íåìíîãî îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò äðóãèõ ïî ñìûñëó): 1) a) cell; b) body; c) flower; 2) a) life; b) plate; c) people; 3) a) test-tube; b) microscope; c) pen; 4) a) curtain; b) body; c) tissue; 5) à) spoon; b) kidney; c) liver. Àâòîð: Åëåíà Áåëèêîâà << Íàçàä: Pleura >> Âïåðåä: Pharynx and related areas
▪ Èñòîðèÿ ýêîíîìèêè. Øïàðãàëêà ▪ Òðàâìàòîëîãèÿ è îðòîïåäèÿ. Êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé ▪ Àêóøåðñòâî è ãèíåêîëîãèÿ. Êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé
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