|
ÊÎÍÑÏÅÊÒÛ ËÅÊÖÈÉ, ØÏÀÐÃÀËÊÈ
Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ ìåäèêîâ. Trachea (êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé)
Ñïðàâî÷íèê / Êîíñïåêòû ëåêöèé, øïàðãàëêè Îãëàâëåíèå (ðàçâåðíóòü) ËÅÊÖÈß ¹ 31. Trachea The trachea, a hollow cylinder supported by 16-20 cartilaginous rings, is continuous with the larynx above and the branching primary bronchi below. Mucosa of the trachea consists of the typical respiratory epitheli um, an unusually thick basement membrane, and an underlying lamina propria that is rich in elastin. The lamina propria contains loose elastic tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics, and defensive cells. The outer edge of the lamina propria is defined by a dense network of elastic fibers. Submucosa consists of dense elastic connective tissue with serorilt-fcous glands whose ducts open onto the surface of the epithe lium. Cartilage rings are C-shaped hyaline cartilage pieces whose free extremities point dorsally (posteriorly). They are covered by a pe-richondrium of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each of the cartilages. Smooth muscle bundles (trachealis muscle) and ligaments span the dorsal part of each cartilage. Adventita a consists of peripheral dense connective tissue that binds the trachea to surrounding tissues. Primary bronchi The trachea branches at its distal end into the two primary bronchi. Short extrapulmonary segments of the primary bronchi exist before they enter the lungs at the hilus and then branch further. The histologic structure of the walls of the extrapulmonary segment of the primary bronchi is similar to that of the tracheal wall. New words hollow - ïóñòîòà cylinder - öèëèíäð supported - ïîääåðæàííûé cartilaginous rings - õðÿùåâûå êîëüöà larynx - ãîðòàíü above - âûøå branching - ïåðåõîä primary bronchi - ïåðâè÷íûå áðîíõè below - íèæå mucosa - ñëèçèñòàÿ îáîëî÷êà typical - òèïè÷íûé respiratory epitheli um - äûõàòåëüíûé ýïèòåëèé an unusually - íåòèïèò÷íî thick - òîëñòûé basement - îñíîâàíèå underlying - îñíîâíîé lamina - òîíêàÿ ïëàñòèíêà rich - áîãàòûé elastin - ýëàñòèí loose - ñâîáîäíûé vessel - ñîñóä lymphatics - ëèìôàòè÷åñêèé defensive cells - çàùèòíûå êëåòêè outer - âíåøíèé edge - êðàé Ìíîãî: MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW Åäèíñòâåííîå ÷èñëî: much (èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òîëüêî èñ÷èñëÿåìûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè). Ex. I have much time. Ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî: many (èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òîëüêî ñ íåèñ÷èñ-ëÿåìûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè) Ex. I have many books. Ïåðåâåäèòå íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñëåäóþùèå ïàðû ñëîâ. Ìíîãî òåòðàäåé, ìíîãî ìîëîêà, ìíîãî âîäû, ìíîãî äíåé, ìíîãî ãàçåò, ìíîãî ìåëà, ìíîãî ñíåãà, ìíîãî ëåò, ìíîãî êàðòèí, ìíîãî ìóçûêè, ìíîãî ìàëü÷èêîâ, ìíîãî äåâî÷åê, ìíîãî ÷àÿ, ìíîãî ëèìîíîâ, ìíîãî ìÿñà, ìíîãî êîìíàò, ìíîãî ó÷èòåëåé, ìíîãî ðàáîòû, ìíîãî âîçäóõà, ìíîãî ïòèö, ìíîãî ìàøèí. Âñòàâüòå much èëè many. 1. Please, don't put... peððåã on the meat. 2. There were. plates on the table. 3. I never eat. bread with soup. 4. Why did you eat so. ice-cream? 5. She wrote us. letters from the coun try. 6... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 7.. in this work was too difficult for me. 8... of their answers were excel lent. 9..of their conversation was about the in stitute. 10. There are... new pictures in this room. Answer the questions. 1. How many cartilaginous rings support the trachea? 2. What is the trachea continuous with? 3. What does mucosa of the trachea consist of? 4. What does the lamina propria contain? 5. With help of what is the outer edges of the lamina propria defined by? 6. What does submucosa consist of? 7. How are cartilage rings shaped? 8. What covers the cartilage rings? 9. What does adventitia consist of? 10. How do short extrapulmanory segments of the primary bronchi exist? Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences). Make the sentences of your own using MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW(10 sentences). Find one word, which is a little bit different in meaning from others (íàéäèòå îäíî ñëîâî, êîòîðîå íåìíîãî îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò äðóãèõ ïî ñìûñëó): 1) a) vein; b) mucosa; c) trachea; 2) a) mucosa; b) organ; c) submucosa; 3) a) nerve; b) bone; c) organ; 4) a) brain; b) reflex; c) vertebra; 5) a) vision; b) eye; c) ear. Àâòîð: Åëåíà Áåëèêîâà << Íàçàä: Nasopharynx and larynx >> Âïåðåä: Respiratory bronchioles
▪ Íàëîãè è íàëîãîîáëîæåíèå. Øïàðãàëêà ▪ Ãîñïèòàëüíàÿ ïåäèàòðèÿ. Êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé
Ìèçîôîíèÿ ìîæåò èìåòü âûðàæåííóþ ãåíåòè÷åñêóþ îñíîâó
15.10.2026 Çàïèñü ìàãíèòíûõ äàííûõ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñâåðõáûñòðûõ ëàçåðíûõ èìïóëüñîâ
15.10.2026 Áèîêàòàëèòè÷åñêèé ñïîñîá ïîëó÷åíèÿ õèðàëüíûõ îêñàçîëèäèíîíîâ
14.10.2026
▪ Ïåðâûå àìåðèêàíöû áûëè ÿïîíöàìè ▪ Óìíàÿ ñêîâîðîäêà Pantelligent ▪ Akyumen Holofone: ôàáëåò ñî âñòðîåííûì ìèíè-ïðîåêòîðîì ▪ Âíåçåìíûå ãàëàêòè÷åñêèå õèðàëüíûå ìîëåêóëû
▪ ðàçäåë ñàéòà Îñíîâû áåçîïàñíîé æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè (ÎÁÆÄ). Ïîäáîðêà ñòàòåé ▪ ñòàòüÿ Òåïëûå îêíà. Ñîâåòû äîìàøíåìó ìàñòåðó ▪ ñòàòüÿ Êàêàÿ ñòðàíà ïðîòåñòîâàëà ïðîòèâ ôëàãà Èíäîíåçèè? Ïîäðîáíûé îòâåò ▪ ñòàòüÿ Îïåðàòîð êîïèðîâàëüíûõ è ìíîæèòåëüíûõ ìàøèí. Äîëæíîñòíàÿ èíñòðóêöèÿ ▪ ñòàòüÿ Àêêóìóëèðîâàíèå ýíåðãèè âåòðà. Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêè è ýëåêòðîòåõíèêè ▪ ñòàòüÿ Áóñû èñ÷åçàþò è ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ âíîâü. Ñåêðåò ôîêóñà
Ãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíèöà | Áèáëèîòåêà | Ñòàòüè | Êàðòà ñàéòà | Îòçûâû î ñàéòå www.diagram.com.ua |