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ÝÍÖÈÊËÎÏÅÄÈß ÐÀÄÈÎÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÈÊÈ È ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÒÅÕÍÈÊÈ Ìåäíàÿ ìíîãîäèàïàçîííàÿ ÓÊÂ àíòåííà Êàêòóñ. Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêè è ýëåêòðîòåõíèêè
Ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ ðàäèîýëåêòðîíèêè è ýëåêòðîòåõíèêè / Àíòåííû ÓÊ Ìû íàäååìñÿ ÷òî Âû óæå çíàêîìûå ñ êîíñòðóêöèåé ñòàíäàðòíîé J-àíòåííû, òàê ÷òî íå áóäåì âíèêàòü â íåíóæíûå ïîäðîáíîñòè. Ïðåäëàãàåìàÿ àíòåííà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàçíîâèäíîñòüþ J-àíòåííû è ìîæåò ñ áîëüøèì óñïåõîì ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ íà îäèí, äâà, òðè è áîëåå äèàïàçîíîâ. Ïèòàíèå äàííîé àíòåííû ìîæåò îñóùåñòâëÿòüñÿ êàê îò îòäåëüíûõ êàáåëåé äëÿ êàæäîãî äèàïàçîíà, òàê è îäíèì êàáåëåì, ïðàâäà ïåðâûé âàðèàíò íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷òèòåëåí.  êîíñòðóêöèè àíòåííû íåò íèêàêîé õèòðîñòè, òîëüêî íå çàáûâàéòå, ÷òî ïîëíàÿ äëèíà àíòåííû îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñàìîé íèçêîé ðàáî÷åé ÷àñòîòîé. Äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè, åñëè Âû èñïîëüçóåòå àíòåííó íà 144, 430 è 900 ÌÃö, òî îáùàÿ äëèíà èçëó÷àòåëÿ áóäåò ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü äëèíå àíòåííû 2-õ ìåòðîâîãî äèàïàçîíà, ò.å. îêîëî 150 ñì.
Êîàêñèàëüíûå êàáåëè ïðîïóñêàþòñÿ âíóòðè öåíòðàëüíîãî øòûðÿ ê ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì ýëåìåíòàì. Ìåæäó ýëåìåíòàìè àíòåííû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ Ò-îáðàçíûå ñòûêè.Ïðîáëåìà ïðè êîíñòðóèðîâàíèè àíòåííû ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî ÷åì áîëüøå äèàïàçîíîâ Âû èñïîëüçóåòå, òåì òðóäíåå îáåñïå÷èòü ðàâíîìåðíîñòü SWR íà âñåõ äèàïàçîíàõ. Òàáëèöà ðàçìåðîâ àíòåííû äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ äèàïàçîíîâ
Äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ðåçóëüòàòà, ñíà÷àëà èçãîòîâüòå ñàìûé âûñîêî÷àñòîòíûé âèáðàòîð, íàïðèìåð äëÿ äèàïàçîíà 435 ÌÃö. Âèáðàòîð èçãîòàâëèâàåòñÿ èç ìåäíîé òðóáêè äèàìåòðîì 9 ìì, ñîãëàñóþùàÿ ëèíèÿ - èç ìåäíîé 6-ìì òðóáêè. Êîíå÷íî, êîíå÷íûé ïðîäóêò áóäåò â ôîðìå "J".Òåïåðü èçãîòîâèì ýëåìåíòû ñëåäóþùåãî äèàïàçîíà, íàïðèìåð íà 223.5 MHz, äîáàâëÿÿ òðóáêó íà T-ñîåäèíèòåëå, êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ áàçîâûì êðåïëåíèåì 435 MHz àíòåííû. Ìû èñïîëüçîâàëè 12 ìì òðóáêó äëÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî èçëó÷àòåëÿ è 12 ìì äëÿ øëåéôà ýòîé ñåêöèè. Òåïåðü èçãîòîâüòå 146 MHz àíòåííó, íå çàáóäüòå ÷òî ïîëíàÿ äëèíà àíòåííû - ñàìàÿ íèçêàÿ ÷àñòîòà êîòîðóþ âû áóäåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü. Ìû èñïîëüçóåì 18 ìì òðóáêó äëÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî èçëó÷àòåëÿ è 12 ìì äëÿ øëåéôà. Øëåéô äîëæåí áûòü ïàðàëëåëåí âåðòèêàëüíîìó èçëó÷àòåëþ, íî îí ìîæåò ðàñïîëàãàòüñÿ ñ ëþáîé ñòîðîíû îòíîñèòåëüíî âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè. Ìû ïðåäïî÷èòàåì ðàçìåùàòü èõ íà ïîïàðíî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûõ ñòîðîíàõ, íî âû ìîæåòå äåëàòü èõ âñå ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, åñëè õîòèòå.Îêîí÷àòåëüíî âíåøíèé âèä òàêîé àíòåííû íàïîìèíàåò êàêòóñ, îòêóäà è åå íàçâàíèå. Ïîñëåäíåå ïðèìå÷àíèå: Åñëè âû èñïîëüçóåòå 12 ìì òðóáêó äëÿ âñåé êîíñòðóêöèè, íà 2-ìåòðîâîì øëåéôå äîáàâüòå 6 ìì ê äëèíå, ÷òîáû ìîæíî áûëî ïðîèçâåñòè ïîäñòðîéêó. Èçãîòîâëåííàÿ àíòåííà ïîñëå íàñòðîéêè èìååò SWR íå õóæå 1.2-1 íà âñåõ äèàïàçîíàõ ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî äëÿ êàæäîãî äèàïàçîíà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñâîé ïèòàþùèé êàáåëü. Ñïàÿéòå âñå ýëåìåíòû ïåðåä óñòàíîâêîé êîàêñèàëüíîãî êàáåëÿ. ×òîáû óñòàíîâèòü êàáåëè ïðîñâåðëèòå îòâåðñòèÿ äèàìåòðîì 6 ìì â âåðõåé ÷àñòè ãîðèçîíòàëüíîãî ýëåìåíòà Ò-ñîåäèíèòåëÿ áëèæå ê âåðòèêàëüíîé ÷àñòè (â óãëó) è ïðîñóíüòå ÷åðåç íèõ êàáåëè. Íàñëàæäàéòåñü ðåçóëüòàòîì! È åùå îäíî: âíà÷àëå, ïîêà Âû íå îñâîèëè èçãîòîâëåíèå òàêîé àíòåííû, íå äåëàéòå áîëåå òðåõ äèàïàçîíîâ íà îäíîì âèáðàòîðå. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå îäíîãî êàáåëÿ äëÿ ïèòàíèÿ ìíîãîäèàïàçîííîé àíòåííû (Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íà àíãëèéñêîì). Single Coax Feed to Multi-Band Copper Cactus Antenna. There are three connection possibilities to feed the multi-bandcopper cactus antenna with a single feedline or coax. However, it isimperative that you use the proper coax for the highest band ofoperation, RG58 just won't cut it and even RG8 in lengths longer than25 feet is marginal in 440 operation. For all single coax feeding methods, the antenna will requirere-tuning to obtain the lowest SWR for each band. This is accomplishedby installing in the pipe cap of the tuning stub on each band ofoperation a brass machine screw of at least 2 inches in lengthvertical out of the cap. The first and simplest connection method, albeit the hardest totune, requires that you place a shorting wire on all but the lowestband of operation. If you are building your antenna from the N0ZOI(now KG0ZP) plans for "The Copper Cactus Antenna" and for examplebuilding a tri-bander for the frequencies of 144, 220 & 440 MHz, theshorting wires should be placed between the normal connect points forthe shield and center conductor of each band. The 440 band shortingwire should be placed exactly 1 inch above the top of the horizontalpipe of the 440 tuning stub, the 220 band shorting wire should beplaced exactly 1-1/2 inches above the horizontal pipe of the 220tuning stub and your coax suitable for 440 operation should beconnected exactly 2-1/4 inches above the horizontal pipe of the 144tuning stub with the center of the coax going to the main vertical andthe shield to the tuning stub (this is just the reverse of theconnections shown on the plans and in the methods below), keeping thecenter conductor length as short as possible. For best results, tunethe antenna from the highest band to the lowest, however, using theshorting method does create quite a bit of interaction. The second method is easier to tune than the first method, but doesrequire placing 1/4 or 1/2 wavelength matching sections for all thebands of operation. If you are building a dual band antenna, the useof a T-Connector simplifies the project. Please bear in mind that youcannot use a 1/4 wavelength matching section on one band and a 1/2wavelength matching section on another band, plus each band ofoperation requires the use of a matching section, including yourlowest band of operation. Unfortunately, the connections will beinside the vertical section, a feat not easy to accomplish, but itdoes make tune-up much faster and easier than the shorting strapmethod shown above. The center connector of the coax matching sectionsis affixed to the tuning stub and the shield to the vertical section,keeping the center conductor length lead as short as possible. The third method requires no antenna re-tuning from thespecifications given on the plans and random length pieces of coax maybe used. However, a relay switching assembly must be constructedinside a weathertight enclosure or the use of a duplexer for dual-bandoperation or tri-plexer for tri-band operation can be utilized. Asabove, the center conductor of the coax goes to the tuning stub andthe shield to the vertical. I will note that I have used random lengthcoax, without *-plexers or relay assemblies, however, this methodworked on only three of five duplicate antennas using the same randomlength pieces of coax on each. Each band showed an SWR of less than1.025 to 1 until connected together, then two of the antennas showedan SWR of over 3 to 1 and three antennas were less than 1.8 to 1across all bands without re-tuning. A little re-tuning brought the SWRdown to below 1.2 to 1 on two of the antennas, but we could notacheive anything lower than the original 1.8 to 1 on the third. So ifyou use random length coax and no relays or *-plexers, good luck. NOTE: The connect distance above the horizontal member on each bandis selected for an impedance of around 50 ohms, moving the connectpoint up or down from this set point can and will increase theimpedance as high as 650 ohms within a distance of 1/2 inch eitherside of the established proper connect point. Àâòîð: Gary, KG0ZP; Ïóáëèêàöèÿ: Í. Áîëüøàêîâ, rf.atnn.ru
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